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Bernard Auguste Rives, known as Gustave Rives (1858–1926), was a French architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries who designed residential, institutional, and commercial buildings in France in a style described as “opulent eclecticism.”〔Bertrand Lemoine, ''Architecture in France, 1800-1900'', Harry M. Abrams Inc., p. 97.〕 He organized many popular auto and aeronautical shows in Paris before the First World War. ==Life and work== Bernard Auguste Rives was born 16 September 1858 in Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Aquitaine region of France. His parents were Pierre Rives and Victoire Etchart. In 1876, he went to Paris to study at the École des Beaux-Arts under Louis-Jules André and Eugène Train.〔''Dictionnaire par noms d’architectes des constructions élevées à Paris aux XIXe et XXe siècles, 1876-1899'', vol. IV, Paris, 1996, p. 65.〕 In addition to designing many apartment and office buildings throughout Paris in the 1880s and 1890s, Rives enlarged and embellished the Grands Magasins Dufayel in Montmartre, with a dome and an unusual curving staircase, as well as large spaces for displaying merchandise.〔La Construction Moderne, 1899-1900, vol. 15.〕 Rives also built a house on the Champs-Elysées for the store’s founder, Georges Dufayel. After the death of Dufayel in 1916, this house was used as a press club during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919〔“Oil Giants Buy French Palaces,” ''New York Times'', December 8, 1920, p. 9.〕 (it was demolished in the 1920s to make way for a shopping arcade). Also in collaboration with Georges Dufayel, Rives created at least two major resort buildings for Sainte-Adresse, in Normandy, in the quartier known as Le Nice-Havrais. One, the ''Immeuble Dufayel'', a residential building, still stands. The other, ''l’Hotellerie'', was used as the headquarters for the Belgian government in exile during the First World War, and was demolished by the occupying German army in the Second World War.〔Information provided by the Association pour le Patrimoine de Sainte-Adresse (APSA).〕 Rives served as architect for the Crédit Foncier of Algeria, the Société Foncière Lyonnaise, and the Compagnie d’Assurances Générales. He also designed several hotels for the town of Menton on the Riviera.〔''Dictionnaire par noms d’architectes des constructions élevées à Paris aux XIXe et XXe siècles, 1876-1899'', vol. IV, Paris, 1996, p. 66.〕 A large part of his work was the design of rental apartment buildings in Paris. His work was recognized by the City of Paris in the Concours des Façades in 1899, when he won a prize for a building at 45, rue du Chateau d’Eau in the 10th arrondissement.〔Monique Eleb & Anne Debarre, ''L’invention de l’habitation moderne: Paris 1880-1914'', Paris: Editions Hazan, 1995, p. 511.〕 Another prominent Paris building was the Hotel Astoria on the Champs-Elysées, built in 1907. Some critics complained that its high domes detracted from the view of the Arc de Triomphe nearby.〔Félix de Rochegude, ''Promenades dans toutes les rues de Paris: VIIIe arrondissement'' (Hachette, 1910): « l’élévation exagérée et agressive de cet hôtel détruit la belle harmonie de la place de l’Étoile. » (The exaggerated and aggressive elevation of this hotel destroys the beautiful harmony of the place de l’Etoile.)〕 This building was destroyed by fire in 1972. Between 1901 and 1910, Rives was manager and organizer for special events at the Grand Palais in Paris, particularly the popular automobile and aeronautical shows. For each one, he designed elaborate temporary decorations.〔Gilles Plum, ''Le Grand Palais'', Editions du Patrimoine, 2005, p. 166.〕 The aeronautical show was a spin-off from the auto shows: :In 1908 during the 11th Paris Motor Show… that show’s organizer, Gustave Rives, set up an aeronautical exhibition for the few flying machines in France at that time. The success of the aeronautical display at the automobile show led the next year to the “Exposition de la Locomotion Aerienne,” a full exhibition of aircraft with 380 exhibitors and some 100,000 visitors. The show was hosted by France’s first aerospace industries’ trade association, the Chambre Syndicale de L’industrie Aeronautique, created by pioneer aircraft manufacturers such as Louis Bleriot, Louis-Charles Breguet and Gabriel Voisin. The aircraft were floated on barges up the Seine and carried on horse-drawn wagons to the Grand Palais.〔(Douglas Nelms, “An Auspicious Occasion: Paris Celebrates 100 Years of Air Shows,” ''Rotor and Wing Magazine'', June 1, 2009. )〕 Rives published substantial reports on these shows. He also redesigned the interior of the French Automobile Club on the Place de la Concorde in Paris. Gustave Rives was made a Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1908 and held the post of Chief Architect of the City of Paris and Directeur des Palais civils et nationaux. In 1885, Rives married Jeanne-Gabrielle de Lavaysse (1865–1942), and had three children: Edouard Roger Marcel (b. 1886), Jean Angèly Georges (1889-1964), and Germaine (b. c1892). In 1907, Rives bought the Chateau de Jeufosse near Gaillon in Eure, Haute Normandie. He died in Paris on 28 January 1926 at 14, rue de l’Université. He was buried at Jeufosse. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gustave Rives」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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